Tema 2.2: Grammar. Presente perfect and present perfect continuous.
VG.2.2.1. Video de la clase.
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| Blizzard | Drought | Earthquake | Freezing temperatures | Heavy rain |
| Tormenta de nieve | Sequía | Terremotos | Temperaturas heladas | Fuertes lluvias |
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| Hurricane | Icy roads | Landslide | Strong wind | Tornado |
| Huracán | Carreteras heladas | Derrumbes | Fuerte viento | Tornado |
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PRESENT PERFECT. PRESENTE PERFECTO.
The present perfect is used to talk about actions that have occurred before a specific time in the past.
El presente perfecto se usa para hablar sobre acciones que han ocurrido antes de un momento específico en el pasado.
The affirmative structure of the present perfect is:
La estrcutura afirmativa del presente perfecto es:
Subject + have/has + past participle + complement.
| Subject | Have/has | Past parcticiple | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | have | visited | Paris twice |
| She | has | finished | her book |
| They | have | eaten | at the restaurant before |
Examples:
1) He has learned how to play the guitar.
2) We have traveled to Japan.
3) The team has won the championship.
1) Él ha aprendido a tocar la guitarra.
2) Nosotros hemos viajado a Japón.
3) El equipo ha ganado el campeonato.
The negative structure of the present perfect is:
La estructura negativa del presente perfecto es:
Subject + haven't/hasn't + past participle + complement.
| Subject | Haven't/hasn't | Past parcticiple | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | haven't | seen | that movie yet |
| She | hasn't | finished | her homewrok |
| They | haven't | visited | their grandparents recently |
Examples:
1) He hasn't tried sushi.
2) We haven't visited the museum.
3) The company hasn't launched the new product.
1) No ha probado el sushi.
2) No hemos visitado el museo.
3) La empresa no ha lanzado el nuevo producto.
The yes/no questions structure of the present perfect is:
La estructura de preguntas de sí/no del presente perfecto es:
Have/has + subject + past participle + complement?
| Have/has | Subject | Past participle | Complement? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have | you | finished | your work? |
| Has | she | arrived | at the airport? |
| Have | they | read | the latest novel? |
Examples:
1) Have you finished your work?
2) Has she arrived at the airport?
3) Have they read the latest novel?
1) ¿Has terminado tu trabajo?
2) ¿Ha llegado al aeropuerto?
3) ¿Han leído la última novela?
The Wh questions structure of the present perfect is:
La estructura de las preguntas Wh del presente perfecto es:
Wh + have/has + subject + past participle + complement?
| Wh | Have/has | Subject | Past participle | Complement? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| What | have | you | done | today? |
| Where | have | they | gone | for vacation? |
| How many times | have | you | visited | London? |
Examples:
1) What have you done today?
2) Where have they gone for vacation?
3) How many times have you visited London?
1) ¿Qué has hecho hoy?
2) ¿A dónde han ido de vacaciones?
3) ¿Cuántas veces has visitado Londres?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO.
The present perfect continuous is used to highlight a continuous action that has been carried out in the past and is valid in the present
El presente perfecto continuo se usa para destacar una acción continua que se ha estado ejecutando en el pasado y tiene vigencia en el presente:
The affirmative structure of the present perfect continuous is:
La estructura afirmativa del presente perfecto continuo es:
Subject + have/has been + verbing + complement.
| Subject | Have/has been | Verbing | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | have been | learning | French for six month |
| She | has been | working | at the hospital since last year |
| They | have been | renovating | their house for weeks |
Examples:
1) He has been playing tennis for an hour.
2) We have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes.
3) The children have been studying hard for their exams.
1) Lleva una hora jugando al tenis.
2) Llevamos veinte minutos esperando el autobús.
3) Los niños han estado estudiando mucho para sus exámenes.
The negative structure of the present perfect continuous is:
La estructura negativa del presente perfecto continuo es:
Subject + haven't/hasn't been + verbing + complement.
| Subject | Haven't/hasn't been | Verbing | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | haven't been | excercising | regularly lately |
| She | hasn't been | feeling | well for the past few days |
| They | haven´t been | practicing | the guitar much recently |
Examples:
1) He hasn't been paying attention during the meetings.
2) We haven't been watching TV much lately.
3) The students haven't been focusing on their assignments.
1) No ha estado prestando atención durante las reuniones.
2) Últimamente no hemos visto mucho televisión.
3) Los estudiantes no se han centrado en sus tareas.
The yes/no questions structure of the present perfect continuous is:
La estructura de preguntas sí/no del presente perfecto continuo es:
Have/has + subject + been + verbing + complement?
| Have/has | Subject | Been | Verbing | Complement? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have | you | been | working out | at the gym? |
| Has | she | been | sleeping | well lately? |
| Have | they | been | practicing | for the concert? |
Examples:
1) Has he been studying for the exam?
2) Have we been spending too much money?
3) Have the dogs been barking all night?
1) ¿Ha estado estudiando para el examen?
2) ¿Hemos estado gastando demasiado dinero?
3) ¿Los perros han estado ladrando toda la noche?
The Wh questions structure of the present perfect continuous is:
La estructura de las preguntas Wh del presente perfecto continuo es:
Wh + have/has + subject + been + verbing + complement?
| Wh | Have/has | Subject | Been | Verbing | Complement? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What | have | you | been | cooking | in the kitchen? |
| Where | has | she | been | jogging | every morning? |
| How long | have | they | been | waiting | for the results? |
Examples:
1) What has he been reading lately?
2) Where have we been hiking this summer?
3) How much time have the kids been spending on their homework?
1) ¿Qué ha estado leyendo últimamente?
2) ¿Dónde hemos estado de excursión este verano?
3) ¿Cuánto tiempo han dedicado los niños a sus tareas?
To solve the solved exercise click here.
Para resolver el ejercicio resuelto haz clic aquí.
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