Tema 5.3: Grammar. Quantifiers.
VG.5.3.1. Video de la clase.
QUANTIFIERS
Quantifiers are words or expressions used in language to indicate or quantify the amount or extent of something. In English, quantifiers can be applied to both count nouns (which can be counted, such as "books" or "apples") and non-count nouns (which cannot be counted, such as "water" or "rice"). Quantifiers can express quantity specifically ("three books," "some apples") or more generally ("a long time," "several people"). They help provide information about the number of objects, substances, or concepts in a given sentence or context.
Affirmative quantifiers
Affirmative quantifiers are used to express a positive or sufficient amount of something. These quantifiers indicate that there is an adequate or considerable number of objects, substances or concepts. They are used to describe the amount of something in a positive or affirmative way.
Examples:
She has several cats.
Ella tiene varios gatos.
We have many books.
Nosotros tenemos muchos libros.
They have a couple of cars.
Ellos tienen un par de carros.
I have a few friends.
Yo tengo pocos amigos.
In these examples, the affirmative quantifiers ("several", "many", "a couple of", and "a few") indicate a positive or sufficient quantity of the objects mentioned (cats, books, cars, and friends). This implies that there is a considerable amount of each of these elements, which emphasizes the idea of sufficiency or abundance.
Negative quantifiers
In grammar, negative quantifiers are used to express the absence or lack of something. These quantifiers indicate that there is not a sufficient or adequate quantity of objects, substances or concepts. They are used to describe the lack or scarcity of something in a negative way.
Examples:
He doesn't have any thoughts.
Él no tiene ningún pensamiento.
You don't have many options.
Tú no tienes muchas opciones.
In these examples, the negative quantifiers ("not any" and "not many") indicate an absence or lack of the mentioned objects (pens and options). This implies that there is not a sufficient amount of each of these elements.
Questions
Questions with quantifiers are used to inquire about the presence or sufficiency of something in particular. In these questions, quantifiers, such as “any” and “enough,” are used to ask about the presence or appropriate quantity of the objects mentioned. This implies that you are interested in knowing if there is a sufficient quantity of each of these elements.
Examples:
Do you have any apples?
¿Tienes manzanas?
Does she have enough chairs?
¿Ella tiene suficientes sillas?
In these examples, the questions are formulated using quantifiers ("any" and "enough") to investigate whether there is an adequate quantity of the mentioned objects (apples and chairs). This suggests an interest in determining whether a sufficient quantity of these elements exists.
Quantifiers for non-count
In grammar, quantifiers for non-count nouns are used to express the number of substances or concepts that cannot be counted individually. These quantifiers indicate the amount or degree of something that cannot be quantified into discrete units. They are used to describe the quantity of something that is uncountable or abstract.
Examples:
Affirmative
I have plenty of water.
Yo tengo mucha agua.
She has some cheese.
Ella tiene un poco de queso.
We have a little milk.
Nosotros tenemos un poco de leche.
They have enough rice.
Ellos tienen suficiente arroz.
In these examples, quantifiers for non-count nouns ("plenty of", "some", "a little", "enough") are used to describe the quantity of the substances mentioned (water, cheese, milk, rice). This implies that we are talking about the quantity of these substances in a general or specific way, without counting individual units.
Negative
In grammar, negative quantifiers for non-count nouns are used to express the lack or scarcity of something that cannot be counted individually. These quantifiers indicate that there is an insufficient or absent quantity of substances or concepts that cannot be quantified into discrete units. They are used to describe the lack of quantity of something that is uncountable or abstract.
Examples:
We don't have much time.
N tenemos mucho tiempo.
He doesn't have any money.
Él no tiene dinero.
In these examples, negative quantifiers for non-count nouns ("not much" and "not any") are used to indicate the lack or absence of the mentioned substances (time and money). This implies that there is insufficient or no quantity of these substances, which suggests a shortage or lack.
Questions
In grammar, questions with quantifiers for non-count nouns are used to inquire about the presence, sufficiency, or categorization of something that cannot be counted individually. These questions indicate interest in knowing whether there are an adequate number of substances or concepts that cannot be quantified into discrete units, or in identifying the categories to which they belong.
Examples:
Do they have any furniture?
¿Tienes algún mueble?
Do we have enough paper?
¿Tenemos suficiente papel?
In these examples, questions with quantifiers for non-count nouns ("any" and "enough") are used to ask about the presence or sufficiency of the substances mentioned (furniture and paper). This implies an interest in knowing if there is an adequate amount of these substances.
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